La conformación física y el uso como posibilitadores de relaciones sociales entre los residentes de los megaproyectos MIVIVIENDA: análisis de los espacios comunitarios privados abiertos, Lima Metropolitana 2005-2015

Abstract

A partir de la producción de la vivienda colectiva en Lima por el mercado inmobiliario, se han desarrollado proyectos de gran envergadura: los Megaproyectos MIVIVIENDA cerrados respecto a la ciudad. Cuentan al interior con espacios comunitarios privados abiertos (ECPA) para la sociabilización de su población. La investigación basada en dos casos de estudios permite identificar patrones entre las características de la conformación física (a nivel de la organización del conjunto; de las redes, veredas y sus atributos; y de los equipamientos, superficies verdes, y sus atributos), el uso y las relaciones sociales resultantes en los espacios, lo que podría predecir futuros comportamientos en nuevos proyectos constituyéndose en una herramienta valiosa de diseño. Las características de la conformación física a nivel de la organización del conjunto repercuten sobre formas de uso con concentración o dispersión de la población, y con el mayor o menor uso de los espacios de acuerdo con el reconocimiento total o parcial del condominio. En este sentido, las relaciones sociales resultantes se presentan en referencia al sentido de pertenencia de su población a todo el conjunto o parte de él, lo que incide en el vínculo barrial, en posibles conflictos, como un excesivo control social, en la valoración entre los vecinos, y la percepción de seguridad y familiaridad. Las características del sistema de redes y veredas se articulan con formas de uso en flujo que posibilitan encuentros efímeros. Cuando presenta características adecuadas de accesibilidad, conectividad y atributos como mobiliario y bordes activos, las actividades necesarias evolucionan naturalmente a opcionales y resultantes con mayor permanencia e intensidad de relaciones sociales. Las características del equipamiento y áreas verdes se vinculan con usos espontáneos con mayor apropiación, permanencia y concentración de personas en referencia a actividades de esparcimiento, de deportes, y al control social por vecinos vigilando las actividades.

Starting from the production of collective housing in Lima by the real estate market, large-scale projects have been developed: the closed MIVIVIENDA Megaprojects with respect to the city. Inland they have open private community spaces (ECPA) for the socialization of their population. Research based on two case studies allows us to identify patterns between the physical conformation characteristics (at the level of the organization of the whole, of the networks, trails and their attributes, and of the equipment, green surfaces, and their attributes), use and the resulting social relationships in the spaces, which could predict future behavior in new projects becoming a valuable design tool. The characteristics of the physical conformation have repercussions on forms of use with concentration or dispersion of the population, and with the greater or lesser use of the spaces according to the total or partial recognition of the condominium. In this sense, the resulting social relations are presented in reference to the sense of belonging of its population to the whole or part of it, which affects the neighborhood bond, in possible conflicts, as excessive social control, in the valuation between the neighbors, and the perception of security and familiarity. The characteristics of the system of networks and trails are articulated with forms of use in flow that enable ephemeral encounters. When it presents adequate characteristics of accessibility, connectivity and attributes such as furniture and active edges, the necessary activities naturally evolve to optional and resulting with greater permanence and intensity of social relations. The characteristics of the equipment and green areas are linked to spontaneous uses with greater appropriation, permanence and concentration of people in reference to leisure activities, sports, and social control by neighbors monitoring activities.

Industrial urban areas, zoned in the city of Lima in the mid-twentieth century, were subsumed by the significant urban growth that the metropolis experienced from that date on. This research based on the Urban Renewal Plan of the Cercado Oeste de Lima, the first industrial zone of the city, carried out by the Metropolitan Institute of Planning of the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima in 1998, records and analyses the urban conditions of the area, buildability, land uses, as well as risk conditions twenty years after its formulation. It is found that industrial activity has already ceased, having been replaced by homes and facilities, taking advantage of its central location and easy connectivity with the entire metropolis. Chapter I shows the statement of the problem with theoretical and conceptual framework, as well as the objectives and hypotheses of this research; Chapter II shows method used; in Chapter III results; Chapter IV discussion about issues developed and in Chapter V conclusions. Finally, a set of recommendations is presented based on the research.