Política nacional de gestión integral de residuos sólidos municipales y estratégicas para su implementación

Abstract

El Perú, al igual que varios países de América Latina, debe resolver la inadecuada protección del ambiente en general y la gestión de los residuos sólidos en particular. En el manejo de los residuos sólidos municipales resalta la carencia de políticas de gestión de residuos sólidos. Para cubrir esa ausencia, la investigación propone el desarrollo de una Política Nacional de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Municipales y las Estrategias para su Implementación en el Perú. Para ello se revisó el estado de la gestión de los residuos sólidos en América Latina y en el país, y se identificaron los aspectos institucionales, legales, técnicos, económicos, financieros, ambientales, sociales y de ordenamiento territorial. Se analizaron las tendencias de la gestión de los residuos sólidos y se evaluaron las variables planteadas en el nivel nacional e internacional. El procedimiento comprendió la conformación de un equipo de colaboradores; reuniones de trabajo; viajes a las ciudades de las provincias de Lima (Lima), Huancayo (Junín) y Huaylas (Ancash); entrevistas, inspecciones técnicas y talleres en tres conjuntos de ciudades representativas del país; procesamiento e interpretación de la información y finalmente la elaboración del documento de política. Los resultados mostraron que en el país y, en general, en América Latina, las políticas de gestión de residuos sólidos municipales son débiles o están en proceso de elaboración. Finalmente, se presenta la Política Nacional de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Municipales y las estrategias para su implementación. El objetivo central de la política es lograr una adecuada gestión de los residuos sólidos municipales generados en el país, de tal manera que contribuya a eliminar o minimizar los efectos negativos que éstos producen sobre el ambiente y la salud de las personas. También se busca que la política sea social, económica y ambientalmente viable.

Peru, as well as several countries of Latin America, should resolve the inadequate protection of the environment in general and the management of solid wastes in particular. The absence of solid waste management policies is noticeable in the area of municipal solid waste management. To cover that gap, this research proposes the development of a National Policy for Comprehensive Management of Municipal Solid Wastes and strategies for its implementation in Peru. Toward this end, the conditions of solid waste management in Latin America and Peru have been considered, including the institutional, legal, technical, economic, financial, environmental, social, and land management aspects. The trends of solid waste management have been reviewed and the variables proposed at the national and international levels have been evaluated. The procedure included the setting up of a team of collaborators; work meetings; trips to cities of the provinces of Lima (Lima), Huancayo (Junín), and Huaylas (Ancash); interviews, technical inspections, and workshops in three groups of representative cities of the country; processing and interpretation of the information, and the preparation of the policy paper. The results have showed that the policies for municipal solid waste management are weak or are in the process of preparation in the country and in Latin America in general. Finally, the National Policy for Comprehensive Management of Municipal Solid Wastes and the strategies for its implementation are presented. The main objective of the policy is to achieve an adequate management of the municipal solid waste generated in the country, in such a way that it helps to eliminate or minimize its negative effects on the environment and the health of the population. As well, it is expected that the policy will be social, economic, and environmentally viable.

Peru, as well as several countries of Latin America, should resolve the inadequate protection of the environment in general and the management of salid wastes in particular. The absence of salid waste management policies is noticeable in the area of municipal salid waste management. To cover that gap, this research propases the development of a National Policy for Comprehensive Management of Municipal Solid Wastes and strategies for its implementation in Peru. Toward this end, the conditions of salid waste management in Latin America and Peru have been considerad, including the institutional, legal, technical, economic, financial, environmental, social, and land management aspects. The trends of salid waste management have been reviewed and the variables proposed at the national and international levels have been evaluated. The procedure included the setting up of a team of collaborators; work meetings; trips to cities of the provinces of Lima (Lima), Huancayo (Junín), and Huaylas (Ancash); interviews, technical inspections, and workshops in three groups of representativa cities of the country; processing and interpretation of the information, and the preparation of the policy paper. The results have showed that the policies for municipal solid waste management are weak or are in the process of preparation in the country and in Latin America in general. Finally, the National Policy for Comprehensiva Management of Municipal Solid Wastes and the strategies for its implementation are presentad. The main objective of the policy is to achieve an adequate management of the municipal solid waste generated in the country, in such a way that it helps to eliminate or minimiza its negative effects on the environment and the health of the population. As well, it is expected that the policy will be social, economic, and environmentally viable.